Based on the social exchange theory, this paper explores how mentoring relationship influences mentees’ innovation behavior from the perspective of energy, and analyzes the regulatory effect of strength of the human resource management system. The results show something: mentoring relationship positively affects mentees’ innovation behavior; relational energy mediates this process; strength of the HRM system negatively regulates the influence of mentoring relationship and relationship energy on the innovation behavior of mentees. The research results provide a new approach to explain the effect of mentoring relationship on mentees’ innovative behaviors. What’s more, it enriches the relevant research on mentoring relationships, innovation and energy theoretically, and put forward effective measures to promote employees" innovative behaviors in practice.