From the perspective of ecological civilization construction，an energy eco?efficiency evaluation system based on the “energy?economy?environment?society”system is constructed，and then the evolution characteristics and coupling relationship between the industrial structure adjustment and energy eco?efficiency of Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration from two dimensions of range and quality are empirically studied. It results show as follows. The overall energy eco?efficiency of the Guanzhong Plain urban agglomeration has not changed much from 2002 to 2017，but the differences among regions are significant. The growth of energy eco?efficiency mainly depends on the rate of technological progress. The range of regional industrial structure adjustment is in a significant periodic change which is roughly 3 years and the quality of industrial structure adjustment shows a relatively stable upward trend. The overall level of coupling and coordination between regional industrial structure adjustment and energy eco?efficiency is low and has not reached a high level of coordinated development. The industrial structure adjustment is a key factor to promote the improvement of regional coupling and coordination. The coupling between industrial structure adjustment quality and energy eco?efficiency is superior to the coupling between industrial structure adjustment range and energy eco?efficiency，indicating that improving regional energy eco?efficiency should focus on improving the quality of industrial structure adjustment.