Abstract:Based on China's agricultural enterprise hybrid cross section data of 2009-2017, in the use of SSBM-two phases network DEA model to measure the Chinese agricultural enterprise innovation efficiency, on the basis of empirical test government subsidies for agricultural enterprise innovation efficiency and its decomposition index (knowledge development and commercialization of scientific and technological achievements efficiency), and explore the innovation environment the situational variables on government subsidies and the commercialization of scientific and technological achievements efficiency relationship adjustment. The findings are as follows :(1) Government subsidies can significantly promote the innovation efficiency of agriculture-related enterprises, and the promotion effect of government subsidies on the innovation efficiency of agriculture-related enterprises is realized by improving the efficiency of knowledge research and development in the first stage of agriculture-related enterprises' innovation activities; Government subsidies failed to promote the commercialization efficiency of scientific and technological achievements in the second stage of agri-business innovation activities. (2) The innovation environment is positively regulating the impact of government subsidies on the knowledge research and development efficiency of agricultural enterprises and the commercialization efficiency of scientific and technological achievements, that is, the optimization of innovation policies can help government subsidies to exert their knowledge development efficiency and commercialization efficiency of scientific and technological achievements Promotion.