Taking the strategic alliance network of Chinese seed industry as a sample, this study uses geographical proximity and organizational proximity to represent the characteristics of alliance subjects that select partners, and network degree centrality and structural hole to represent the location characteristics of the alliance network to research the innovation performance of the seed industry from 2010 to 2015.The results show as follows. Geographical proximity has an inverted U impact on organizational innovation performance. The alliance of different organization types is more conducive to improving organizational innovation performance. Network degree has a significant positive impact on organizational innovation performance. The impact of structural holes is negative impact on organizational innovation performance under Chinese culture. The inverted U relationship between geographic proximity and organizational innovation performance is negatively moderated by the network degree. Finally, some suggestions for improving the innovation performance of the seed industry alliance network in China are provided.