Complex product system innovation is of great significance but not easy to succeed，so study on learning from failure is of great value．However，study on the formation mechanism of learning from failure is still in infancy．Organizational learning theory and contingency theory have been applied to build a conceptual model to reveal the influence of the different learning modes on enterprise performance，and further explore the moderating effect of different Strategy orientation．The research results show that there are obvious differences in the long-term and short-term performance of enterprises with different learning modes (single-loop and double -loop) under the situation of failure of complex product system innovation．The results also show that enterprises coordinating defender strategy with single-loop learning have a better short-term performance，while enterprises coordinating prospector strategy with double-loop learning have a better long-term performance．