Abstract:The theory of resource dependence point out that the key to survival of an organization lies in the ability to control relationship with other organizations. However, how small firms in a weak position control key resources and relationships of their core firms is lack of in-depth research in the theoretical circle. It seems that it is an effective way to establish an asymmetric alliance of mutual benefit. Based on the theory of resource dependence, 185 small scientific and technological firms in water environment treatment industry are selected as samples, and the impact of resource dependence of small firms in asymmetric technology alliance on partner selection and dual value appropriation is proposed and verified. The empirical results show that: Based on resource dependence, small firms can achieve dual value appropriation through market-oriented and relationship-oriented partner selection, which plays a positive role in regulating market-oriented partner selection and dual value appropriation.