The relationship between the social production and people's needs is a concentrated embodiment that MAKESI's historical materialism as a philosophical methodology is used to analyze the major social contradictions. Through the historical investigation of the transformation of the main social development stage since the establishment of the New China, it is found that,Every main contradiction of society is proposed and judged not only on the special background and realistic basis of the time, but also on the common and regular content as the inner support and basis. In China's three important social development stages, the rational way of defining and transforming major contradictions is that social production is the basis of understanding major social contradictions, people's living needs are the key to understanding major social contradictions, and the change of supply and demand relationship between social production and people's needs is the foundation of transforming major social contradictions.Whether we can accurately grasp the important stage of social development, the expression and transformation of major contradictions, has become a fundamental issue concerning the success or failure of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics and the ruling strategy of the Communist Party of China.