The economic competition is ultimately the competition of the industry. Study on the driving force of industrial structure upgrading under the background of rapid construction of high-speed rail, based on the data of the Northeast, the spatial SARAR model is used to analyze the impact of high-speed rail on the industrial structure of different economies. Research findings: First, there is a significant spatial agglomeration in the construction of high-speed railways. At the same time, the construction of high-speed railways has a certain positive spillover effect on the urban industrial structure. Second, the high-speed rail has promoted the upgrading of the city"s and county"s industrial structure. Third, the high-speed rail has no effect on the rationalization of the industrial structure of the city, but it inhibits the upgrading of the rationalization of the county"s industrial structure. Fourth, high-speed trains play a catalytic role in the siphon effect of the economy of industrial structure. Fifth, the high-speed rail has inhibited the development of the primary industry in cities and counties, promoted the development of tertiary industries in cities and counties, and had no significant impact on the urban and county secondary industries. Sixth, high-speed rails affect industrial output by affecting capital elements in cities and counties. Four methods have been used to test the impact of high-speed rail on industrial restructuring and found that the relevant conclusions are still robust. Finally, according to the conclusion, we put forward relevant policy recommendations from the perspective of factor mobility, government intervention and traffic convergence.