Based on the sample of listed companies in 11 industries of Shanghai and Shenzhen stock market from 2014 to 2017, a theoretical analysis and empirical test on the influence of corporate social responsibility management ability, practical ability and their synergy on corporate performance (financial performance and market performance) is made. Through the fixed effect model analysis, it is found that: corporate social responsibility management ability has a significant negative impact on financial performance and has a lag effect, but it is not related to market performance; corporate social responsibility practice ability and financial performance have a positive correlation in the current period and a negative correlation in lag period and corporate social responsibility practice ability has a negative correlation with market performance; corporate social responsibility management and practice ability have a long-term synergistic effect on financial performance and market performance. The conclusions provide empirical evidence for the listed companies to promote the social responsibility management and practice.