This paper conducts full-text search in CNKI database on "construction of rural teachers". There are 2,148 related literatures from 2000 to 2018 were selected from core journals. Using the software of CiteSpace and SATI3.1, the external characteristics of sample literature, co-occurrence of key words, knowledge evolution trend and hot frontiers were analyzed by knowledge mapping. Firstly, This paper presents the status of the construction of rural teachers and sorts out the development trends. Secondly, the hot research fields can be grouped into four themes: "scientific development concept", "teacher education", "special post teachers" and "compulsory education management system". Based on the fields, the period of research can be divided into three stages. The research direction of rural teacher team construction will be "rural small schools", "rural teacher professional development", "special post teachers" and "teacher flow". Finally, some enlightenment is obtained from the aspects of public funded normal university students, infrastructure construction and happiness of rural teachers.