Based on the new structural economics, this paper empirically investigates the difference of industrial robot application on regional economic growth and the mechanism of industrial robot"s influence on economic growth. The study found that: during the study period, industrial robots significantly promoted China"s economic growth, and the impact was significant in the eastern, central and northeastern regions, but not significant in the western regions. Further considering the comparative advantages, it is found that high capital intensity is conducive to the economic growth effect of industrial robots. From the perspective of regional heterogeneity, the eastern region follows the comparative advantage and robots play an obvious role in promoting economic growth. However, the central, western and northeastern regions all violate the comparative advantage and inhibit the economic effect of industrial robots. Finally, when examining the impact mechanism, it is found that industrial robots promote economic growth mainly through the rate of return on capital and total factor productivity, but the intermediary effect of human capital has not been formed.