In the context of the development of economic globalization, CEO characteristics play an important role in the improvement of corporate innovation performance. Based on relevant domestic and foreign research, this paper proposes hypotheses based on the relevant theories of CEO characteristics, social networks and corporate innovation, and uses multiple regression analysis methods to empirically explore the relationship between the three. The results show that some of the CEO’s characteristics will positively promote the company’s innovation performance and social network; at the same time, the social network also has a positive role in promoting the company’s innovation performance; and the social network will play an important role in the relationship between the CEO’s characteristics and the company’s innovation performance. Part of the intermediary role played between. This study reveals the mechanism of CEO characteristics, social network and enterprise innovation performance, and provides a theoretical reference for enterprises to improve innovation performance in the context of network development.