Peasants are the subject strength of building socialism new countryside. The level of peasant's quality finally decides the success or failure of socialism new countryside construction. The social origin with relatively peasant's low quality is that the public goods in urban and rural areas with dual structure at present. Long-standing public goods dual structure in urban and rural areas in our country made peasants lose economic ability ,positive social environment terms and educational terms of raising their own quality. Reforming public goods dual structure in order to realize the public goods supply equalization, is the system guarantee of improving peasant's quality.