Firstly,the paper demonstrates with welfare economics that ecological compensation of non-commercial forest can promote protec- tion of non-commercial forest from non-Pareto improvement to Pareto improvement,and reduce resistance of non-commercial forest protection. Secondly,the paper demonstrates by property right theory that property right of non-commercial forest is incomplete,and is difficult to be di- vided ,and not being protected.The government must divide them,establish compensation policy,and promote realization so as to give full scope encouragement.At last,Using fairness theory we demonstrate that injustice exists in non-commercial forest protection,thus cost fairness allocation mechanism of non-commercial forest protection is established.It is promoted that beneficiary compensates sufferer and it is fair to al- locate compensation funds.