Based on the equilibrium model of multinational enterprises and production costs established by Lawless, this paper analyzes the impact of TBT on the export behavior of heterogeneous enterprises, and uses the double difference method to make empirical test. It is found that the implementation of TBT will force the export products of low productivity enterprises to withdraw from the market, but at the same time, it will also force the high productivity enterprises to improve the quality of export products Through further research, it is found that the technical standards of technical barriers initiated by the United States are higher than those of other countries. Among the export enterprises with different ownership, TBT has the most negative impact on private enterprises. The conclusion clarifies the difference in the impact of TBT on the export behavior of heterogeneous enterprises, which has important enlightening significance for correctly understanding the trade effect of TBT and formulating relevant countermeasures.