In the process of internationalization of Chinese multinational companies, expatriate management is complex, diverse and unsustainable. In the context of the “One belt and one road” strategy, this paper reviewed the expatriate management. Based on the relevant theoretical perspectives, this paper clarified the formation and development process of expatriates management, analyzes the antecedents and outcomes of its composition, and then put forward the future research directions. This paper also brings strategic insights to solve practical international management challenges during the internationalization process of Chinese multinational companies, as well as the strategic support for “comprehensive open-up” and “One belt one road” of Chinese government.