This paper examines how the gender structure of board leadership affects corporate performance , and whether the impacts are different under different gender status. Using the data of Chinese listed companies from 2013 to 2017, we find that under the situation of separation of chairman and CEO, the heterosexual structure of board leadership is beneficial to the improvement of corporate performance compared with the same-sex structure of board leadership; the relationship between heterosexual structure of board leadership and corporate performance will be affected by gender status, specifically, the heterosexual structure of board leadership is beneficial to enterprises. The beneficial effecting is more significant in the form of gender structure of "men up and women down". Further considering the nature of property rights, we find that the positive effect of gender structure on corporate performance is more significant in private enterprises.