户籍门槛、流动性差异与地区收入差距
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F061.5

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Hukou Restriction, Mobility Differential and Regional Income Disparity
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    摘要:

    按学历、技能设置的落户条件在一定程度上强化了不同人力资本禀赋劳动力的流动性差异,这种流动性差异深刻的影响着人力资本的区域间分布和现代部门产业的空间格局,从而为解释地区收入差距的形成与扩大提供了新的视角。本文将户籍门槛变量引入新经济地理模型,并利用数值模拟技术分析在不同水平的户籍门槛、贸易成本、人力资本份额下,不同技能劳动力的空间选择及地区收入差距变动。研究结果表明,需求与供给效应的彼此强化使得低技能劳动力与高技能劳动力在同一区域聚集,但因技能而设置的户籍门槛作为分散力阻碍了低技能劳动力的空间聚集过程。伴随区域一体化推进,贸易成本不断降低,高技能劳动力将在发达地区高度集聚,而如果户籍门槛保持不变,低技能劳动力将均匀地分布在两个区域。高技能劳动力的地理集中是导致地区收入差距持续扩大的主要原因,降低贸易成本能够有效缩小地区收入差距,而降低户籍门槛或提高人力资本份额均使地区差距变得更大。本文进一步回顾了改革开放以来中国出现的劳动力回流现象、人力资本的迁移趋势、以及改革开放以来地区收入差距的收敛和发散趋势,发现经验数据与理论命题的结论基本相符。

    Abstract:

    In China hukou restriction which is often set according to the education or skill qualification of migrants virtually strengthens the selection of labor mobility. This phenomena of heterogeneous labor mobility has a profound influence on the geographic distribution of human capital and spatial pattern of modern industry, and thus affords a new insights for us to explain the formation and expansion of regional income disparity. This paper introduces hukou restriction in NEG model to analyze differential labor mobility with different skills, and the evolution trend of regional income disparity with different level of hukou restriction, trade cost and labor-human capital ratio. The results of numerical simulation demonstrate that due to pecuniary externalities low-skilled and high-skilled labor migration reinforce each other leading to agglomeration of both types of labor in the same region. But if raising the levels of hukou restriction or trade freedom, low-skilled labor remigrates, whereas high-skilled remains concentrated. The agglomeration of high-skilled labor becomes the major reason for the expansion of regional income disparity, which can be narrowed by improving regional integration, but maybe further widening if relaxing hukou restriction or raising human capital shares in the economy. This paper further reviews hukou restriction of some major provinces, the geographical distribution trends of human capital and the change of regional income disparity in China to give some empirical evidence.

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董继红,叶思晖.户籍门槛、流动性差异与地区收入差距[J].技术经济,2020,39(8):191-200.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-04-09
  • 最后修改日期:2020-08-06
  • 录用日期:2020-04-23
  • 在线发布日期: 2020-08-28
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