Enterprise international competitiveness is a hot topic in the field of enterprise management. The mechanism of the relationship between social responsibility behavior and enterprise international competitiveness and the regulatory effect of institutional environment are studied. Based on the data of A-share listed companies in China from 2010 to 2019, the dynamic effect of social responsibility behavior on enterprise international competitiveness is analyzed. The result shows that there is a time lag in the impact of social responsibility information disclosure on enterprise international competitiveness. The release of social responsibility report has no significant impact on enterprise international competitiveness in the short term, and it can improve enterprise international competitiveness in the long term; The performance of social responsibility has a timeliness, and good performance of social responsibility has a significant improvement effect on one-period lag enterprise international competitiveness; Further research shows that the institutional environment has a positive regulatory effect on the dynamic impact of corporate social responsibility on enterprises international competitiveness. The conclusions can be used for reference to cultivate and improve the international competitiveness of Chinese enterprises.