Specialization and internationalization are important growth strategies for hidden champion companies. Based on resource theory，using a sample of Chinese listed companies of hidden champion from 2010 to 2018，the impact of specialization on the export performance of hidden champion companies is analyzed. Based on institutional?based view，the moderating roles of intellectual property protection and economic policy uncertainty are tested. The results show that specialization contributes to increase the export performance of Chinese hidden champion companies. The moderating roles of intellectual property protection will change with the level of intellectual property protection. In the central and western regions where intellectual property protection is low，increasing the level of intellectual property protection will enhance the promotion of specialization on export performance of hidden champion companies. In the eastern regions with high level of intellectual property protection，increasing the level of intellectual property protection will reduce the promotion effect of specialization on its export performance of hidden champion companies. And economic policy uncertainty has a negative moderating impact on the relationship between specialization and export performance of hidden champion companies. On this basic，some suggestions are put forward to promote the increase the export performance of Chinese hidden champion companies.