In the new era, collaborative innovation has become an inevitable choice for new energy vehicle enterprises to adapt to the external complex environment, solve the low efficiency of innovation, and avoid the risk of innovation. According to the relevant research, the paper distinguishes the collaborative innovation mode of the new energy vehicle industry, constructs the model of collaborative innovation mode for different innovation performance, and makes use of the research data of China"s new energy vehicle enterprises to analyze the effect path. The results show that all three collaborative innovation modes can promote innovation performance, and the mediating effect of dynamic knowledge management ability and the moderating effect of environmental uncertainty are also verified, but the effect situations of each mode are different, which provides the basis for new energy vehicle enterprises to choose collaborative innovation mode.