The situation of enterprises participating in domestic and international dual circulation can be well reflected by the domestic share of value-added of export , abbreviated EDVAR. The impact and mechanism of transportation infrastructure on the domestic and international dual circulation was investgated by the data of Chinese micro enterprises from 2000 to 2013. The results shows the improvement of domestic transportation infrastructure will have a dual effect on the domestic value-added rate of Chinese enterprises'' exports. The positive impact is mainly caused by the increasing of markup and domestic intermediate goods input, while the negative impact is mainly caused by the increasing of the proportion of processing trade and imported intermediate goods input. The negative effect is greater than the positive, which is the reason why transportation infrastructure will reduce the EDVAR of Chinese enterprises and promote enterprises to participate in the international cycle. The research conclusions of this article not only account for the fact of simultaneous development of internal and external economic circulation at the micro level, but also provide some beneficial implications for the construction of new development pattern named as dual circulation.