Based on the provincial data from 2003 to 2019, this paper constructs an index system for evaluating the level of Internet application, and explores the interaction between four factors: Internet application, technological innovation, resident consumption and industrial structure optimization through SYS-GMM model, mediating effect model and moderating effect model.A couple of findings are presented as follows.From the overall perspective, Internet application has a continuous positive promotion effect on industrial structure optimization; from the intermediary effect, technological innovation plays a significant partial intermediary effect in the relationship between Internet application and industrial structure optimization; from the regulating effect, there is a significant positive regulating effect of residential consumption on the relationship between Internet application and In terms of the moderating effect, there is a significant positive moderating effect of residents'' consumption on the relationship between Internet application and industrial structure heightening, while there is no significant moderating effect on industrial structure rationalization. At the same time, the mediating effect of technological innovation and the moderating effect of residential consumption both have obvious regional heterogeneity and tend to increase along with the development of time periods.