The highly dynamic and complex environment forces companies to adapt to the development trend of the digital economy era and use data resources to form and continuously improve organizational resilience. However, existing research lacks in-depth discussions on the formation mechanism of organizational resilience in the context of digital transformation. From the perspective of data empowerment, an exploratory single case study of Handu Yishe was conducted to explore the internal mechanism of organizational resilience formation in the context of digital transformation. The results show as follows. The formation of organizational resilience in the context of digital transformation generally follows the process of “internal and external situational stimuluation - data resource action - data capability activation - resilience building/enhancing”. With the change of the development stage of enterprises, the data available to enterprises are successively expanded from enterprise data to industry data and ecological data. The results open up the “black box” of organizational resilience in the context of digital transformation, and provide practical enlightenment for enterprises to improve organizational resilience through digital transformation in the era of digital economy.