Under the current dual background of China"s active expansion of imports and frequent trade frictions between China and the United States, this paper evaluates the employment dynamics of China’s manufacturing from 2000 to 2012 based on the highly segmtized micro-data of Chinese manufacturing firms, and empirically tests the impact of import competition from the United States on the employment dynamics of manufacturing .It is found that the import competition from the United States has no significant impact on the net employment ,but has a significant impact on the employment dynamics behind it.The impact of import competition on the employment dynamics of China’s manufacturing is mainly reflected in inhibiting the births of firms and promoting the deaths of firms, and presents differences among different regions, corporate ownerships and trade patterns.The mechanism test shows that import competition hinders the births of firms and increases the deaths of firms by inhibiting the productivity of enterprises.In addition, the impact of import competition on employment dynamics is further enlarged after considering the upstream and downstream industry linkages.The conclusion of this paper shows that in addition to the growth of total employment, the employment dynamics at the micro-firm level is also crucial to the realization of the goal of “stable employment”.