The transportation sector is one of the most important sources of carbon emissions in China，and electrification of transportation is critical to achieving the“3060”goals. The data on the number of charging piles and electric vehicle sales in 31 provinces(excluding Hong Kong，Macao and Taiwan regions)in China from January 2017 to November 2020 was collected to construct a panel fixed effect model and a threshold benefit model，and the impact of different types of public charging infrastructure on the purchase of pure electric vehicles for different purposes，and the threshold effect of the impact of temperature on sales in different regions was empirically analyzed. The study found that the number of public charging piles increased by 1%，and the purchase of pure electric vehicles increased significantly by 0. 85%，of which the sales of pure electric vehicles for rental purposes increased significantly by 1. 57%. The impact of DC public charging piles on the purchase of pure electric vehicles is much greater than that of AC public charging piles，and there is a heterogeneous impact on electric vehicles for different purposes. In addition，public charging piles have a greater impact on the purchase of pure electric vehicles in places with lower temperatures，with a significant threshold value of 15°C，and the impact of temperature on rental cars is greater than for non‐commercial purposes. Policy makers should rationally consider the deployment of infrastructure such as public charging piles to ensure the battery life of electric vehicles，thereby promoting the decarbonization of the transportation sector.