Using the super-SBM model with undesirable output and GML index, the technical efficiency and total factor productivity of China and other major countries in the world from 1991 to 2016 were measured and compared, respectively, with and without considering environmental constraints. It is found that the measurement results without considering environmental constraints ignore the pollution loss caused by a country"s development, which leads to the overestimation of technical efficiency and productivity. China"s technical efficiency dropped significantly when environmental factors were taken into account, with the overall efficiency ranking dropping from 16th to 40th in the sample. In terms of time trend, the gap between environmental efficiency and technical efficiency in China first widened and then narrowed, and there was a trend of gradual convergence in recent years. From the dynamic perspective, the change of China"s total factor productivity shows an overall growth trend without considering environmental constraints, but it turns to a downward trend after considering environmental factors. Among them, the decline of technological progress is the main factor affecting the change of China"s total factor productivity.