Based on the theories of the industrial value chain and the network embeddedness, the basic concepts and principles of bi-directional embeddedness of the innovation chain (InC) and the industrial chain (IdC)InC are summarized, which are divided and divides them into consciousness embeddedness, demand embeddedness and technology embeddedness. In order to investigate the current situation and trends of the bi-directional embeddedness degree distribution at the spatial, temporal and embedding type levels, the bi-directional embedding index system employing the conceptual model is developed to explore the bi-directional embedding degree of the 31 provincial-level regions in China from 2016 to 2020 by using the composite system model. The results show that: the current national bi-directional embeddedness of the InC and IdC has steadily increased. There are five levels between provinces with the phenomenon of “the south is strong and the north is weak” and “the stronger the stronger”; these provinces with low-level bi-directional embedding degrees have a late-mover advantage. There is a trend of “extending from the eastern coast to the inland, central and western regions” with the transfer of industries; demand embedding has become the main content and the types of embedding show great differences between provinces within different regions.