The Chinese government has endeavored to promote the development of digital economy and green transition. Based on Chinese provincial panel data from 2006-2019, this paper examined the impact of digital infrastructure development on environmental pollution and its mechanisms using fixed-effect and mediation models. The results showed that digital infrastructure development significantly reduced emissions of industrial sulfur dioxide, industrial soot, PM2.5, and industrial wastewater through promoting green innovation and optimizing industrial structure. In addition, this paper further discussed the spatial heterogeneity and spatial spillover effects of digital infrastructure on environmental pollution. The results of this paper are helpful to understand the effect of digital economy development on environment and provide evidence on the coordination between development of digital economy and green transition in China.