At present, major countries and regions in the world are gradually entering the stage of building a regional innovation community, which is cross regional interaction, resource sharing, and industrial coordinated development. China has also launched policy formulation and practical exploration of regional innovation community governance. In this paper, the governance of regional innovation community is discussed theoretically firstly, and the important connotation of regional innovation community is explained. And then the future key development direction and logical framework of regional innovation community governance are deeply analyzed and discussed, respectively. On this basis, this paper analyzes the practice of regional innovation community governance in the United States, the European Union, Japan, as well as in the urban agglomerations of Yangtze River Delta, Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and Chengdu-Chongqing. Through the comparative study of domestic and international action practices, this paper studies the gaps and deficiencies in governance practices of regional innovation communities in China, and then draws a governance element matrix of typical regional innovation communities in China. The results show that it is an important development path for regional innovation community governance in China to focus on enhancing the original innovation capability and strengthen the support of regional strategic scientific and technological forces, optimize innovation ecological environment and promote the free circulation of innovative resource elements, and promote the deep integration between innovation chain and industrial chain and build a high-quality industrial collaborative ecosystem.