The report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to "improve the modern enterprise system with Chinese characteristics, promote entrepreneurship, and accelerate the construction of world-class enterprises." Entrepreneurship plays an important role in promoting high-quality economic growth, promoting industrial transformation and upgrading, leading innovation and entrepreneurship, and achieving common prosperity. As the leading industry of the national economic lifeline, the energy industry plays an important role in ensuring the national energy supply and maintaining the national industrial economic security. This paper focuses on the state-owned enterprises in the energy industry, and uses the method of grounded theory to deeply explore the influencing factors and effects of the entrepreneurial spirit of the energy state-owned enterprises in the new era, and puts forward the implementation path for the cultivation of the entrepreneurial spirit of the energy state-owned enterprises. The research results show that the formation and exertion of the entrepreneurial spirit of energy state-owned enterprises are affected by six factors, namely, culture, system, geographical environment, society, enterprises and individual leaders, and play a role in many aspects.