Innovation is an important source of competitive advantage of enterprises and it is also the key power of sustainable development of enterprises. Exploring the influencing factors and mechanism of enterprise innovation has theoretical value and practical significance for innovation development of enterprises. Based on the social identity theory, this paper establishes a model of enterprise innovation influence mechanism, which includes team faultline, team heterogeneity, environmental uncertainty and corporate reputation. Through fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis of 66 electronic information enterprise samples, it explores the synergistic effect and linkage relationship between internal structure and external environment of enterprises for enterprise innovation. It is found that there are three driving paths for high enterprise innovation performance. The first path emphasizes that low academic background heterogeneity of senior management team and low team faultline distance are beneficial to high enterprise innovation performance when the environment uncertainty is high and the enterprise reputation is high. The second path emphasizes that when the environment is uncertain and the reputation of enterprises is high, the heterogeneity of team education and the strength of faultline are beneficial to the innovation performance of enterprises. The third path emphasizes when under high environmental uncertainty and low corporate reputation, high team faultline strength and low team faultline distance are beneficial to high corporate innovation performance. Results The research expands the application of social identity theory in the field of enterprise innovation, and also provides a new idea for the improvement of enterprise innovation performance.