The government''s excessive and discriminatory intervention in enterprises not only leads to insufficient competition but also unfair competition, which seriously damages enterprises’ productivity. Fair competition policy can optimize resources’ allocation, improve the intensity and fairness of competition, and then cause the resource allocation effect and competition escape effect to improve enterprises’ productivity. Taking the introduction of the fair competition review system as a quasi-natural experiment to construct the PSM-DID model, the empirical results of this model show that the fair competition review system has a significant positive promoting effect on the average productivity of enterprises, and it gradually deepens with the implementation of the review system. This positive effect is particularly significant in the low initial productivity and state-owned enterprises with more severe impact and greater competitive pressure. It shows that the construction of the fair competition review system has significantly improved the fair competition of market entities rather than production factors, so that the effect of competition escape is significant and the effect of optimizing resource allocation is insufficient. Fair competition review system can improve market competitiveness and competition fairness by inhibiting enterprises'' rent-seeking activities, breaking down local protection barriers and regulating administrative monopoly, and then cause the competition escape effect to improve enterprises’ productivity. The research conclusions provide useful policy implications for the high-quality development of enterprises and strengthening the status of fair competition policy.