Scientific and technological talent policy and industry university research cooperation are not only an important part of the national scientific and technological innovation system, but also an important policy means for local governments to improve regional innovation performance. Based on this, supported by the panel data of 27 provinces (cities) from 2011 to 2018, this paper uses fixed effect model and threshold regression model to test the impact of scientific and technological talent policy on regional innovation performance. It is found that: (1) the impact of science and technology talent policy on regional innovation performance is significantly positive, that is, science and technology talent policy is conducive to the improvement of regional innovation performance; (2) The impact of science and technology talent policy on regional innovation performance has the threshold effect of industry university research cooperation, that is, when the coupling coordination of industry university research is greater than 0.524, the positive incentive effect of science and technology talent policy efficiency on regional innovation performance is more obvious; (3) There are obvious regional differences in the impact of scientific and technological talent policy on regional innovation performance, that is, the combination effect of scientific and technological talent policy and industry university research synergy policy in the middle and eastern region is better than that in the western region. The research conclusion has important theoretical and practical significance for improving the accurate and effective design of provincial scientific and technological talent policies, optimizing industry university research coordination and promoting the performance of regional scientific and technological innovation.