Whether big data capabilities have positive impacts on firm innovation have attracted much scholarly attention in recent years. However, most of the scholars just generally explore the direct relationship between big data capabilities and firm innovation, the in-depth research on the potential mediator and moderator in this important link are still sparse, especially on the agri-tech firm context. Invoking the dynamic capability theory, we develop a moderated mediation model in which organizational learning mediates the interactive effects of big data capabilities and market orientation on firm innovation. Our hypotheses were tested using a sample of 181 Chinese agri-tech firms. The results reveal that big data capabilities have significant positive efforts on firm innovation. Both exploratory learning and exploitative learning fully mediate the link between big data capability and firm innovation. The mediation effect of exploitative learning is positively contingent upon market orientation, however, market orientation does not positively moderate the mediation effect of exploratory learning.