Craftsman spirit is an important driving force for manufacturing industry to turn to high-quality development in China, and how to cultivate craftsman spirit has become a research hotspot. However, few researches have investigated the influence of subjective social status on craftsman spirit of industrial workers. Based on the cognitive-affective system theory of personality, this study constructs a dual-path model of subjective social status influencing craftsman spirit to examine the mediating role of psychological ownership and harmonious work passion between subjective social status and craftsmanship, and the moderating role of caring ethical climate. Through statistical analysis of the 538 valid data collected, the results showed that (1) subjective social status has a significant positive influence on craftsman spirit of industrial workers; (2) psychological ownership and harmonious work passion play a mediating role between subjective social status and craftsman spirit; (3) caring ethical climate positively moderates the process of psychological ownership and harmonious work passion affecting craftsman spirit. This study reveals the dual-path influence mechanism of subjective social status on craftsman spirit of industrial workers, enriches the study of antecedent variables of craftsman spirit, and provides guidance for cultivating craftsman spirit of industrial workers.