Using A-share listed companies from 2009 to 2022 as research samples, an empirical examination was conducted to investigate the impact of digital transformation on organizational resilience in different environments with varying levels of uncertainty. The heterogeneity characteristics, the mediating mechanisms of organizational innovation, the moderating effects of environmental uncertainty, and the moderated mediation model were explored. The findings are as follows. Digital transformation has a significant positive impact on both the stability and flexibility dimensions of organizational resilience. Corporate innovation output partially mediates the effects of digital transformation on organizational resilience. Environmental uncertainty can moderate the baseline effects between digital transformation and the stability and flexibility of organizational resilience. Environmental uncertainty can moderate the first half of the mediating effects, indicating that the stronger the environmental uncertainty faced by the company, the more digital transformation can promote organizational innovation output. At the same time, environmental uncertainty can also moderate the second half of the mediating effects on the stability of organizational resilience. Thus, with the increase in organizational innovation output, the stability of organizational resilience will be greatly improved as the environmental uncertainty faced by the company becomes stronger.