By matching provincial and urban data with CGSS micro data, and based on the measurement of environmental Gini coefficient, this paper studies the impact path of environmental inequality on Residents" well-being by using probit and intermediary effect model. The results show that environmental inequality under the measurement of industrial wastewater significantly reduces residents" well-being, however, the environmental inequality measured by industrial sulfur dioxide and industrial smoke and dust significantly improves residents" well-being. There are regional and urban-rural heterogeneity in the impact of environmental inequality on Residents" well-being. In the path of environmental inequality affecting well-being, economic growth and health status are important mechanisms. Economic growth plays a significant positive regulatory and intermediary role, and health status only plays an intermediary role. Therefore, strengthening environmental governance, coordinating regional and urban-rural development, adhering to economic construction and improving residents" health are of great significance for the Chinese government to improve residents" happiness and get out of the "Easterlin paradox" in the new era.