In recent years, natural disasters, extreme weather, plague and other emergencies continue to erode the sustainable development of cities. In order to effectively respond to the crisis and quickly recover, it has become increasingly urgent for cities to strengthen their resilience and achieve sustainable development. Based on the institutional logic theory, the NCA and QCA methods were used to conduct qualitative comparative analysis of 170 cities above prefectural level, and the complex impact mechanism of technological, organizational and environmental antecedents on urban resilience from a holistic perspective was explored. The results show that a single antecedent does not constitute a necessary condition for the generation of high urban toughness, nor does it constitute a sufficient condition for the generation of high urban toughness. The linkage and matching of technology, organization and environment has formed a diversified configuration form of urban resilience, which has the obvious characteristics of “different paths and the same destination”. It is embodied in the market leading mode, community and market dual- wheel drive mode, policy and market dual-wheel drive mode, government and market dual-wheel drive mode. The resilience configuration of high cities in different periods of time is not completely the same, and will change with the passage of time and technological progress. However, the mode with high-level digital infrastructure and high industrial convergence as the core conditions has high stability. The research conclusion provides a decision-making basis for the city to improve its resilience from the perspective of configuration, makes up for the limitations of the traditional quantitative analysis on this issue, and to a certain extent enriches the theory of urban resilience and institutional logic.