China promotes the formation and development of new quality productive forces through high level technology for self-reliance and self-improvement is not only necessary to achieve high-quality domestic economic and social development, but also to cope with the technological game between China and the United States under the centenary changes, and to grasp the laws of the evolution of technology and productivity themselves. There is an inherent logic of dual wheel drive between level technology for self-reliance and self-improvement and new quality productive forces. That is, while new quality productive forces triggers systematic changes in high level technology for self-reliance and self-improvement, high level technology for self-reliance and self-improvement has also become a key element and positive variable in the formation and development of new quality productive forces. On this basis, China has “double new” advantages, people-oriented advantages, institutional advantages, and fundamental advantages. In the new stage of development, China should make full use of these four advantages, clarify the strategic thinking based on giving play to the cohesive force advantage of Chinese path to modernization, increase the efforts to tackle key core technologies with the core of improving the original innovation ability, optimize the layout of modern industrial system with the focus on “innovation” and “ renewal ”, and create a first-class technological innovation environment with the main line of promoting technological governance modernization. Finally, the formation and development of the new quality productive forces will be located in the synergy between high level technology for self-reliance and self-improvement and Chinese path to modernization.