The change of human capital investment reflects the attitude of workers in the face of the impact of industrial intelligence, and will shape the future labor market pattern from the perspective of labor supply. Based on the provincial panel data and China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) data, the impact of industrial intelligence on the human capital investment of workers’ families from the perspective of education expenditure was empirically tested . The results show that industrial intelligence will significantly promote the increase of education expenditure of workers’ families, which is particularly obvious in families with high education level. The skill premium is an important channel for industrial intelligence to increase the educational expenditure of workers’ families. The labor supply structure has a moderating effect on the relationship between industrial intelligence and family education expenditure. The abundance of skilled labor supply will reduce the skill premium and thus reduce the promotion effect of industrial intelligence on education expenditure. There is a threshold effect on the impact of industrial intelligence on workers’ family education expenditure. When the level of industrial intelligence crosses the threshold, the effect decreases. Therefore, it is necessary to take the government as the leading factor, promote the intelligent upgrading of the whole society, continuously improve the human capital investment motivation and ability of social members, promote the coordinated development of regional labor supply structure and industrial intelligence, and pay attention to the impact of industrial intelligence on the labormarket, so that the level of social human capital can be effectively improved in the long run.