The new quality productive forces is the new driving force to promote the high-quality development of China’s economy. Scientifically measuring the new quality productive forces is of great significance to improve the development of new quality productive forces. Based on the theoretical connotation of new quality productive forces, a new quality productive forces measurement system was constructed from four dimensions of new quality human resources, new quality science and technology, new quality industrial form and new quality production mode, then the improved Critic-Topsis method was used to measure the new quality productive forces of 30 provinces ( Due to the lack of data, the statistical data mentioned here do not include the Tibet Autonomous Region, the Hong Kong Special dministrative Region, the Macao Special Administrative Region and Taiwan Province. ) in China from 2012 to 2021, and finally regional difference and dynamic evolution was analyzed through Dagum Gini coefficient and Kernel density estimation method. The results show that, from 2012 to 2021, the development level of China’s new quality productivity is showing a steady growth trend, and there are problems of imbalance and inadequacy. New quality human resources, new quality science and technology, new quality production mode and new quality industry form restrict the development level of new quality productivity in most provinces. The regional gap of China??s new quality productive forces shows a shrinking trend, with the largest intra-regional gap in the eastern region and the largest inter-regional gap between the eastern and northeast regions. The gap in the development level of China??s new quality productive forces is mainly from the inter-regional gap. It identifies the development level of China??s new quality productive forces and its dynamic evolution, and provides policy implications for promoting Chinese modernization through accelerating the development of new quality productive forces.