Open innovation can help enterprises break through boundary constraints, broaden their resource base, and promote the improvement of innovation performance through knowledge sharing and collaborative innovation. In the context of economic globalization, quality management has increasingly become the foundation for enterprises to pursue excellent performance and maintain organizational survival and development. At the same time, organizational binary learning has gradually become a key factor driving enterprise innovation, achieving technological catch-up and surpassing. This article is based on the survey data of 1431 Chinese manufacturing enterprises conducted by the World Bank, and empirical tests are conducted using methods such as stepwise regression, Sobel test, and Bootstrap test. The research results found that open innovation effectively promotes enterprise innovation performance through knowledge sharing and collaborative innovation, with collaborative innovation having a more significant promoting effect. Open innovation can also have an indirect impact on innovation performance by enhancing the quality management capabilities of enterprises. The research results of this article expand the research on the mechanism of open innovation on enterprise innovation performance from the perspective of quality management at the theoretical level. In practice, it has expanded the mechanism by which Chinese manufacturing enterprises improve innovation performance through open innovation, providing important support and guidance for enterprises to do a good job in quality management to maximize the results of open innovation practice.