Common prosperity is the essential requirement of socialism, and new quality productivity is a powerful driving force for high-quality development. Exploring the common prosperity effect of new quality productivity has become an important issue in promoting Chinese Modernization. This article selects 31 provincial-level panel data from 2008 to 2022, and uses methods such as fixed effects, mediation effects, spatial spillover effects, and threshold effects to empirically analyze the impact and mechanism of new quality productivity empowering common prosperity. The results indicate that new quality productivity can significantly promote common prosperity, and the promoting effect of new quality productivity on commonality is stronger than that on affluence. The pathway of action indicates that new quality productivity can empower common prosperity by leveraging the effects of technological innovation, factor allocation, and industrial structure upgrading. Heterogeneity indicates that the promotion effect of new quality productivity on common prosperity in the central region is stronger than that in the western and eastern regions, while the new quality productivity in the northeast region has not positively promoted common prosperity. The threshold effect indicates that there is a data factor marketization threshold for the impact of new quality productivity on common prosperity. The spatial spillover effect indicates that new quality productivity not only helps to improve the level of common prosperity in the region, but also has a positive impact on neighboring areas. Keywords: new quality productivity; Common prosperity; Technological innovation effect; Factor allocation effect; The effect of industrial structure upgrading