| 摘要: |
| 城市街道灰尘中重金属铅是血铅的一个重要的潜在污染源，由于校园学生过于集中，校园室内外灰尘的重金属铅对学生身体健康影响尤为严重。本文选择宝鸡市代表性区域的中小学校园，包括市区、郊区城镇、农村及铅锌冶炼厂区域室内外灰尘为研究对象，在对灰尘中铅含量测试的基础上，采用潜在生态危害指数法和地积累指数法对灰尘中铅污染进行对比评价。研究结果表明：宝鸡市中小学校园室内外灰尘重金属铅含量总体均较高，显著高于国内外城市灰尘中铅的含量，是陕西省表层土壤铅背景值（21.4 mg∙kg−1）的10—154倍。除农村灰尘铅含量稍微低一些，其他地区灰尘铅含量均达到陕西表层土壤背景值的30倍以上。市区灰尘的铅含量比十年前的408.41 mg∙kg−1增加了约40%。铅锌冶炼厂周围的灰尘铅含量和前人的研究数据基本持平。两种评价方法显示：宝鸡市中小学校园室内外灰尘中铅污染程度和潜在生态风险均达到严重水平。该研究结果可为区域环境保护、治理及居民健康防护提供科学依据。 |
| 关键词: 铅暴露 室内外 灰尘 中小学 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE182044 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE182044 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:西安医学院博士科研启动基金项目（2016DOC18）；西安医学院配套基金项目（2016PT37） |
| 英文基金项目:Xi’an Medical University Doctoral Research Startup Fund (2016DOC18); Xi'an Medical University Matching Fund (2016PT37) |
|
| Exposure assessment of environment lead of indoor and outdoor dust in primary and high schools of Baoji |
|
LI Zixia, XIE Na, YANG Fang
|
|
1. Department of Stomatology, Xi’an Medical University, Xi’an 710021, China
2. Lanzhou Municipal Center for Disease Control, Lanzhou 730030, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Heavy metal lead in urban street dust is an important potential source of blood lead. The primary and high school students are susceptible to lead pollution, so the heavy metal lead content in indoor and outdoor dust of primary and high schools is very important to students’ health. Materials and methods The indoor and outdoor dust in the urban and rural areas of Baoji city, including the urban, suburban towns, rural and lead-zinc smelters, was collected. The Pb content of the dust was analyzed by ICP-MS after microwave digestion. Based on the lead content, the ecological hazards was assessed using the potential ecological hazard index and the accumulation of lead methods. Results The average lead contents were respectively (1) 627.18 mg·kg−1 and 679.39 mg·kg−1 in indoor and outdoor dust of the city centre area, (2) 593.61 mg·kg−1 and 635.46 mg·kg−1 in indoor and outdoor dust of the urban area, (3) 217.33 mg·kg−1 and 268.57 mg·kg−1 in indoor and outdoor dust of the rural area, which were lower than those of city centre area and urban area, (4) 2717.62 mg·kg−1 and 3296.27 mg·kg−1 in indoor and outdoor dust of the lead and zinc smelters area, which were the highest in these study areas. Discussion Due to the rapid development of modern industry, the main reason that the lead content in indoor and outdoor dust of Baoji city was higher than domestic and foreign cities was the industrial production emissions, especially lead and zinc smelter emissions. Coupled with the special topography characteristics of Baoji city, the pollution degree of the dust was increased. Conclusions The lead content of heavy metals in indoor and outdoor dust of Baoji city was higher than that in domestic and foreign cities. Excluded rural area, the lead content of other area was more than 30 times of Shaanxi surface soil values. Pb pollution level and potential ecological risk in Baoji city had reached a serious level based on two kinds of evaluation methods (potential ecological risk assessment and geoaccumulation index). Recommendations and perspectives The results are expected to provide important scientific basis for regional environmental protection, environmental pollution controlling, management and health protection of Baoji city. |
| Key words: lead exposure indoor and outdoor dust primary and high schools |
