| 摘要: |
| 2015年中国国家林业局公布数据显示中国大熊猫数量已经增加1864只，根据这一结果世界自然保护联盟将大熊猫由濒危物种降至易危物种。作者们指出这一结果未免过于乐观。（1）大熊猫的食物主要为竹子，CO2浓度升高将影响竹子的生长发育，缩短竹子的生命周期，导致竹子提前开花，提前死亡；温度升高延长了竹粘虫等灾虫的生活周期，增加粘虫等害虫数量，影响竹子的产量和品质，从而威胁熊猫生存。（2）470 km长的龙门山地震带穿越四川亚种熊猫部分栖息地。遥感数据显示2008年汶川地震导致卧龙保护区进一步破碎化。（3）随着私家车的普及高速公路快速发展，生态旅游活动加剧，而人类活动影响动物荷尔蒙分泌、新陈代谢及生殖，增加疾病传播风险。（4）大熊猫栖息地环境污染日趋严重，直接威胁着大熊猫生存和健康。因此，大熊猫保护是一项长期的、艰巨的任务，世界自然保护联盟降级大熊猫保护等级为之过早，大熊猫依然是一个濒危物种，全球应该继续关注中国大熊猫保护。 |
| 关键词: 大熊猫 主食竹 环境保护 生态保护 气候变化 汶川地震 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE201705001 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE201705001 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:IEECAS (Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZZBS1303)) |
| 英文基金项目:IEECAS (Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ZZBS1303)) |
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| Don’t say the giant panda is not endangered |
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CHEN Yiping, ELLISON Aaron M
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1. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
2. Harvard University, Harvard Forest, Petersham, Massachusetts, 01366, USA
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| Abstract: |
| The number of pandas has increased to 1864 individuals, and the IUCN downgraded the conservation status of the giant pandas from endangered to vulnerable on September, 2016. However, this action was too optimistic, and it is too early to say that the giant panda is no longer endangered. (1) Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has increased from 280 to more 400 ppm since the industrial revolution and is projected to increase continuously. Plant growth and development are regulated by environment conditions. CO2-enhanced warming will speed up the frequency of bamboo reproduction. Climatic change decreases the pandas’ survival by decreasing their food security. Temperature increases also are leading to increases in population sizes and cycles of herbivorous insects (such as Leucania separata, Algedonia coclesalis, Azygophleps sp, Pleonomus canalitlflatus). (2) Most of the habitat of the Sichuan subspecies of panda lies within the 470 km long active fracture zone of the Longmenshan earthquake belt. The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 has resulted further decline of vegetation in Wolong Nature conservation zone. The potential stress still remains. (3) With the development of highways and universal access to private cars, ecotourism is becoming more and more popular in China, especially in protected areas where wildlife is concentrated and easier to observe. Ecotourism impacts hormone secretions, metabolism, productivity, and increases susceptibility to infectious disease. (4) Air pollution is more and more serious, so it stresses the giant panda’s health. These threats to panda health have not been given attention in panda conservation. Panda conservation is a long-term process, and the entire world should continue to pay close attention to issues involved in conservation of giant pandas. |
| Key words: giant panda primary bamboo environmental protection ecological protection climatic change Wenchuan earthquake |
