| 摘要: |
| 在“后脱贫时代”，规避返贫风险、实现持续稳定脱贫将是精准扶贫政策的逻辑延续，更是促进乡村长期振兴的重要基础。长期以来，可持续生计分析框架在贫困治理过程中发挥了重要的指导作用，但在新的情势下也迫切需要做出系统总结与展望。本文在整理社会学、经济学、地理学、环境科学等关联学科研究成果的基础上，系统梳理了可持续生计研究在返贫治理中的主要角色与突出贡献，归纳总结当前研究存在的主要不足，并提出未来亟需完善补充的重点领域。研究发现：（1）贫困格局的转变从客观上要求可持续生计分析由贫困治理转向返贫治理，在返贫治理中，可持续生计研究的最终目的在于减少农户返贫、实现稳定脱贫；（2）在有关可持续生计的当前研究中，存在生计策略转型与优化、生计恢复力系统研究、生计脆弱性与返贫关系、生计系统-资源利用的耦合关系等尚未清晰的问题仍需重点关注。为进一步阐明可持续生计研究在规避返贫风险、实现农户稳定脱贫、促进农村地区可持续发展的作用，结合全面建成小康社会等国家宏观战略方针，明确前向和后向研究主题，本文认为：在后脱贫时代，可持续研究的重点方向在于构建返贫风险规避与生计干预机制、生计脆弱性的时空差异与动态演变、生计系统中恢复力的认知能力和生计系统与生态系统的耦合机理等，从而为后脱贫时代的贫困治理提供学术支撑和决策参考。 |
| 关键词: 返贫治理 可持续生计 生计脆弱性 生计恢复力 生计干预 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE211002 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE211002 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42171281，72034007）；国家社会科学基金项目（21BJY138）；陕西省科技创新团队（2021TD-35）；陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目（2021ND0028） |
| 英文基金项目:National Natural Science Foundation of China (42171281, 72034007); National Social Science Fund of China (21BJY138); Shaanxi Innovation Research Team for Science and Technology (2021TD-35); Philosophy and Social Science Major Theory and Reality Research Project of Shaanxi Province (2021ND0028) |
|
| Prospects of sustainable livelihood research in the post-poverty period |
|
SU Fang, SONG Nini, XUE Bing
|
|
1. School of Economics & Management, Shaanxi University of Science & Technology, Xi’an 710021, China
2. Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
|
| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope In the post-poverty era, avoiding the risk of returning to poverty and achieving stable poverty alleviation is the logical continuation of the targeted poverty alleviation policy and an important basis for the long-term revitalization of rural areas. The sustainable livelihood analysis framework has played an important guiding role in the process of poverty governance for a long time, but in the new situation, there is an urgent need to develop a systematic summary and outlook of livelihood research. Materials and methods Based on the research findings of sociology, economics, geography, environmental science, and other related disciplines, this paper systematically summarizes the prominent contributions of sustainable livelihoods research in poverty alleviation. Furthermore, this study’s main limitations and the key areas that need to be improved and supplemented in the future have been identified. Results (1) The transformation of extant poverty patterns requires sustainable livelihood analysis to shift from poverty governance to preventing a return to poverty. To avoid falling back into poverty, the ultimate goal of sustainable livelihood research is to reduce the recurrence of poverty and achieve stable poverty alleviation. (2) In the current research on sustainable livelihoods, aspects such as the transformation and optimization of livelihood strategies, study of livelihood resilience systems, relationship between livelihood vulnerability and a return to poverty, and coupling relationship between livelihood systems with resource utilization are still unclear. These issues require focused attention. Discussion There is a need to further elucidate the role of sustainable livelihood research to avoid the risk of returning to poverty, achieve stable poverty alleviation for farmers, and promote sustainable development in rural areas. At present, the research themes of sustainable livelihoods need to be clarified in the context of national macro-strategic guidelines, such as the goal of building a moderately prosperous society, in all respects. Conclusions This paper argues that in the post-poverty era, the key directions of sustainability research are to construct mechanisms to avoid the risk of the return to poverty and for livelihood intervention, analyze the spatial and temporal differences and dynamic evolution of livelihood vulnerability, clarify the cognitive capacity of resilience in livelihood systems, and clarify the coupling mechanism between livelihood systems and ecosystems. Recommendations and perspectives This study can provide academic support and serve as reference for decision-making for poverty governance in the post-poverty era. |
| Key words: governance against returning to poverty sustainable livelihood livelihood vulnerability livelihood resilience livelihood interventions |
