| 引用本文: | 杨柳，刘鑫，马珂珂，李畅想，李杨子，贺茂勇，邓丽，
王宁练，黄华宇.2022.中国东北地区积雪中离子特征及其环境意义[J].地球环境学报,13(3):319-330 |
| YANG Liu, LIU Xin, MA Keke, LI Changxiang, LI Yangzi, HE Maoyong, DENG Li, WANG Ninglian, HUANG Huayu.2022.Ion characteristics of snow in Northeast China and environmental significance[J].Journal of Earth Environment,13(3):319-330 |
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| 摘要: |
| 本文对2018年12月至2019年3月东北地区86个积雪样品的阴阳离子进行测定，运用MODIS、相关性分析、后向轨迹等方法研究积雪中阴阳离子的空间分布特征及来源。结果表明：积雪中离子平均浓度大小为Ca2+＞SO42-＞Cl-＞NO2-＞NO3-＞Na+＞K+＞Mg2+＞NH4+＞F-，其中SO42-和Ca2+是主要的阴、阳离子，分别占总离子浓度的29.54%和30.97%。积雪的pH平均值为6.57，呈微酸性，且电导率与Ca2+、SO42-、Mg2+、Cl-和NO2-之间均有较好的相关性。东北地区积雪中离子的空间分布存在明显的区域差异，在吉林、黑龙江东部和乌兰浩特地区受人为活动的影响较大，积雪的离子浓度显著高于其他地区。后向轨迹聚类分析表明积雪中的化学离子不仅源于局地人为活动的排放，还有沙尘和污染物的远距离传输以及海洋源的贡献。本文的研究结论将为中国大气传输以及大气环境治理提供一定的科学数据支撑。 |
| 关键词: 东北地区 积雪 化学特征 空间分布 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE212011 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE212011 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42173012）；科技基础资源调查专项（2017FY100501）；中国科学院战略性先导科技
专项（B类）（XDB40000000）；中国科学院流域地理学重点实验室开放基金（WSGS2020008） |
| 英文基金项目:National Natural Science Foundation of China (42173012); Science & Technology Basic Resources Investigation Program of China (2017FY100501); Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB40000000); Open Fund of Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (WSGS2020008) |
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| Ion characteristics of snow in Northeast China and environmental significance |
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YANG Liu, LIU Xin, MA Keke, LI Changxiang, LI Yangzi, HE Maoyong, DENG Li, WANG Ninglian, HUANG Huayu
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1. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity, College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127, China
2. Key Laboratory of Watershed Geographic Sciences, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
3. State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an 710061, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Ions in snow are important tracers for environmental changes. However, study on concentrations and sources of ions in snow is still lacking in Northeast China, a place with stable snow accumulation. In order to explore the characteristics of atmospheric environment in Northeast China, we measured the ion compositions of snow in this area. The result can provide insights for climate change and ecological construction in Northeast China. Materials and methods To assess the spatial distribution characteristics and sources of major ions in snow across the Northeast China, a total of 86 snow samples were collected from December 2018 to March 2019. Concentrations of major ions were then measured with ion chromatography. Results The results showed that the snow in Northeast China was slightly acidic, with a mean pH value of 6.57. The major ion concentrations are as follows: Ca2+＞SO42-＞Cl-＞NO2-＞NO3-＞Na+＞K+＞Mg2+＞NH4+＞F-. Among them, Ca2+ and SO42- contributed up to 30.96% and 29.54% of the total ions, respectively. Spatially, the concentrations of ions were significantly higher in Jilin, eastern Heilongjiang and Ulanhot. In particular, the concentrations of cations decreased from south to north along the Mt. Xiaoxing’anling, but increased from north to south along the Mt. Daxing’anling. Besides, higher anionic concentrations are found in the eastern and northwestern region. Discussion The concentrations of Ca2+ and Mg2+ are relatively high in Jilin, Heilongjiang and eastern Inner Mongolia, where Hulun Buir and Hunshandak sandy lands are located in eastern Inner Mongolia, and Horqin sandy land is close to Jilin and Heilongjiang. Considering salt-rich dust mineral of sandy lands, the high Ca2+ and Mg2+ concentrations in snow in these areas reflect contribution of dust. The concentrations of Na+ are the highest in the east of Inner Mongolia and the western part of Ulanhot. The backward trajectory shows long-distance air mass transmission from the northwest Baikal and the Hulun lakes to these areas. One possible reason for the highest Na+ is that Na+ may come from the transmission of lake water vapor. Further analyses showed that the concentrations of SO42-and NO3- were mainly influenced by human activities, including coal combustion and vehicle emission. Overall, the backward trajectory analysis suggested that long-distance transported water vapor dominated chemical compositions of the snow, with minor contribution from nearby regions. Conclusions Major ions in snow across the Northeast China were mainly derived from natural sources (long-distance transported dusts and sea-salt aerosol), and partly from anthropogenic emission (local human activities). Recommendations and perspectives These results displayed the characteristics of atmospheric environment in the Northeast China in winter, which can be used for policy making on atmospheric environmental management. |
| Key words: Northeast China snow chemical characteristics spatial distribution |
