| 摘要: |
| 水面蒸发是水循环的主要途径之一，气象要素是影响水面蒸发的重要因素。为分析温度和湿度与水面蒸发量的关系，通过野外试验对水面上25 cm和35 cm处气温和相对湿度进行监测。同时，利用修正的Penman-Monteith方程计算了水面蒸发量，并与气象站数据计算结果进行比对。结果表明：近水面不同高度处相对湿度与气象站监测结果差异显著，差值均值在12%左右；近水面处气温和气象站监测气温的差异与距离水面高度有关，水面上25 cm和35 cm处气温和气象站气温的差值分别为(1.5±1.0)℃和(1.8±2.0)℃。水面蒸发量计算结果表明：气象站气象数据计算的水面蒸发量最大，而利用水面上25 cm和35 cm处气温和相对湿度计算的水面蒸发量近似。本研究为利用气象站数据计算水面蒸发量及结果修正提供了数据支撑。 |
| 关键词: 水 相对湿度 气温 降雨量 水面蒸发 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE232015 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE232015 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:陕西省重点研发计划（2020SF-425，2019ZDLSF05-01）；陕西省大学生创新创业训练项目（S202110710302）；国家自然科学基金项目（41202164） |
| 英文基金项目:Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province (2020SF-425, 2019ZDLSF05-01); Innovation and??Entrepreneurship Training Program for College Students of Shaanxi Province (S202110710302); National Natural Science Foundation of China (41202164) |
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| Analysis of characteristics of temperature and humidity near the water surface and differences in water surface evaporation estimation |
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WANG Zhoufeng, GAO Yibo, WANG Wenke, FANG Yuan, KOU Xiaomei, GAO Fan
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1. Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region (Chang’an University), Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710054, China
2. School of Water and Environment, Chang’an University, Xi’an 710054, China
3. Shaanxi Union Research Center of University and Enterprise for River and Lake Ecosystems Protection and Restoration, Xi’an 710065, China
4. Power China Northwest Engineering Corporation Limited, Xi’an 710065, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope Water surface evaporation, one of the key hydrological cycle processes, was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions. Surface water is an essential resource for people and ecosystems, a better understanding is needed for the fundamental controls of water surface evaporation and its interactions with meteorological factors. Materials and methods In order to examine the relationship between temperature, humidity, and water surface evaporation, real-time monitoring of temperature and relative humidity at the heights of 25 cm and 35 cm above the water surface through field experiments were carried out. Furthermore, water surface evaporation was calculated by the modified Penman-Monteith equation, and the results were compared to those obtained from the data of weather station data. Results Great differences between the relative humidity at different heights near the water surface and the weather station monitoring results were monitored, and the mean value of the difference was about 12%. The differences between the temperature near the water surface and the air temperature at the weather station were related to the height from the water surface, and the mean values of the difference between the temperature at 25 cm and 35 cm above the water surface and the weather station were (1.5±1.0)℃ and (1.8±2.0)℃. The results of water surface evaporation calculation showed that the maximum water surface evaporation was calculated by the meteorological data of the weather station and the approximate water surface evaporation was calculated at 25 cm and 35 cm height on the water surface. Discussion Previous studies mainly using meteorological data from weather stations to calculate water surface evaporation. However, due to the high variability of both the subsurface of meteorological stations and the water surface, errors may occur in calculating water surface evaporation using meteorological data from these stations. At the same time, the evaporation of the water surface is comprehensively affected by meteorological factors such as relative humidity, temperature, radiation, wind speed, etc., and these meteorological factors continue to change with altitude. By studying the changing characteristics of meteorological elements at different altitudes and combining it with measured water surface evaporation, it may be possible to better reveal the mechanism of water surface evaporation. Conclusions In the study area, the primary factors affecting water surface evaporation are radiation, air temperature, and air pressure. Recommendations and perspectives This study offers supporting data for calculating water surface evaporation using meteorological station data and correcting the results. |
| Key words: water relative humidity air temperature precipitation water surface evaporation |
