| 摘要: |
| 以中华民族最重要的图腾“龙”为研究对象，通过南京薛城遗址2021年出土的“龙”形遗迹，论述基于多源空间数据进行“龙”形遗迹三维修复和建模的过程，为考古遗迹数字化保护提供一种定量方法。此外，对比分析中国四处典型“龙”形考古遗迹的材质、形态以及所在的地理环境等，探讨史前“龙”形遗迹面貌与地理环境的关系及演变规律，认为：辽宁阜新“龙”与早期农业阶段先民选择猪作为财富的象征有关；中原地区全新世适宜期的暖湿气候条件致使河南濮阳西水坡遗址和江苏南京薛城遗址的“龙”形象与鳄类似，材质均来自淡水资源；伴随着中原地区夏王朝影响规模扩大，取自河南二里头遗址的“龙”形遗迹，已经脱离了地理环境的束缚。 |
| 关键词: “龙”形遗迹 地理环境分析 遗迹修复与建模 薛城遗址 |
| DOI：10.7515/JEE232027 |
| CSTR：32259.14.JEE232027 |
| 分类号: |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目（42271163）；国家社会科学基金项目（20&ZD247）；江苏省自然科学基金项目（BK20231283） |
| 英文基金项目:National Natural Science Foundation of China (42271163); National Social Science Found of China (20&ZD247); Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation of China (BK20231283) |
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| Spatio-temporal differentiation of prehistoric “loong” relics in China: a case study of Xuecheng site in Nanjing |
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YANG Lin, XU Feng, LIU Qianjiao, LIU Jintao, JIA Xin
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1. School of Geography, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
2. School of Social Development, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
3. Institute of Environmental Archaeology, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China
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| Abstract: |
| Background, aim, and scope As a totem of the Chinese nation, the “loong” has been passed down to this day and has a huge influence. Throughout history, it has gradually become a revered deity, a symbol of the nation, and a cultural icon that the Chinese nation collectively respects, possessing a deep sense of national cohesion, unity, and identity. In order to present the “loong” shaped relics more completely and intuitively, the “loong” shaped relic at Xuecheng site in Nanjing is digitally restored and modeled. And a comparative analysis with three other typical “loong” shaped archaeological relics in China is carried out to reveal their relationship with the geographical environment. Materials and methods Taking the clamshell sculpture “loong” shaped relic unearthed in 2021 at Xuecheng site, Nanjing, as an example, a quantitative method for 3D restoration and modeling of “loong” shaped relic was proposed based on multi-source spatial data. By comparing the environmental, biological and morphological features of the four different “loong” shaped relics, the relationship between them and the geographical environment was analyzed. Results (1) The 3D restoration and reconstruction of the “loong” shaped relic at Xuecheng site in Nanjing had been completed. (2) It was believed that the “loong” from Fuxin, Liaoning Province, was related to early agricultural ancestors choosing pigs as a symbol of wealth. (3) The warm and humid climate during the Neolithic period in the Central Plains led to the loong-like image in the Xishuipo site in Puyang, Henan Province and the Xuecheng site in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, with materials derived from freshwater sources. (4) With the expansion of the influence of the Xia Dynasty in the central plains, the “loong” shaped relic from the Erlitou site in Henan Province had already broken away from the constraints of the geographical environment. Discussion Based on the measured multi-source high precision spatial data of the “loong” shaped relic of Xuecheng site at the archaeological site, combined with the ontological knowledge rules of the research object, 3D restoration and modeling was carried out. This method produced a more 3D, intuitive and reliable modeling result compared with the traditional archaeological planar mapping based on a single hand-measured data, and provided a digital method for the protection of archaeological relics. By comparing the materials, forms, and geographic environments of four “loong” shaped relics from different regions and cultural types, this multi-dimensional analysis method provided a more comprehensive in revealing the relationship between the prehistoric “loong” shaped relics and the geographic environment as well as the evolution pattern. With the development of technological archaeology, the in-depth exploration of the materials of the four “loong” shaped relics will produce more scientifically comprehensive comparative analysis conclusions. Conclusions The “loong” shaped relic of Xuecheng site can be reconstructed well based on multi-source data fusion GIS modeling method. The comprehensive analysis of the “loong” shaped relics was closely related to the geographic environment, with its evolution pattern transitioning from being controlled by the geographic environment to being free from its constraints. Recommendations and perspectives This study provides a scientific approach for the 3D restoration and modeling of archaeological sites and the comparative analysis of the geographical environment of similar remains, and has good reference value. |
| Key words: “loong” shaped relics geographical environment analysis 3D restoration and modeling of relics Xuecheng site |
